CONGENERS

FURFURAL

Furfural is a congener that inhibits yeast metabolism. It may be added during the fermentation process

TANNINS

Congeners found in wine, they contain powerful antioxidants such as polyphenols

FUSEL OILS

These congeners found on the tails cause off flavors

ACETALDEHYDE

Toxic congener found at the beginning of the heads

METHANOL

The congener responsible for hangover. When metabolized breaks down into formaldehyde and formic acid. The elimination of methanol from the body coincides with the onset of the hangover