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CONGENERS
FURFURAL
Furfural is a congener that inhibits yeast metabolism. It may be added during the fermentation process
TANNINS
Congeners found in wine, they contain powerful antioxidants such as polyphenols
FUSEL OILS
These congeners found on the tails cause off flavors
ACETALDEHYDE
Toxic congener found at the beginning of the heads
METHANOL
The congener responsible for hangover. When metabolized breaks down into formaldehyde and formic acid. The elimination of methanol from the body coincides with the onset of the hangover
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